Abstract Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly affects the respiratory system, while the most common extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 is cardiovascular involvement. Objective: To identify the frequency of electrocardiographic changes and cardiac arrhythmias in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including patients aged >18 years with diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in a high-complexity hospital in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, from March to September 2020. A descriptive analysis with an analytical component and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed; all estimates were established with a 95% confidence level (CI) and a 5% significance level. Results: This study included 183 individuals; of whom 160 were considered for electrocardiographic analysis, 63% of which evidenced significant findings, the most frequent being sinus tachycardia (29.4%). The frequency of myocardial injury was 21.9% and was more common among non-survivors than among survivors (41.7% vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001). Myocardial injury was also significantly more common in patients who presented electrocardiographic findings than those who did not (26.5% vs. 12.1%, p = 0.032) and in those who required intensive care admission (31.8% vs 10.5%, p < 0.001). The strongest mortality-associated factor was the need for mechanical ventilation — odds ratio (OR), 9.14; 95% confidence interval, 3.4–24.5. Conclusions: Electrocardiographic findings in patients with COVID 19 are frequent, including newly diagnosed arrhythmias, justifying the use of cost-effective tools for the initial approach and follow-up of this affected population. Worse outcomes depend on factors such as invasive mechanical ventilation, comorbidities, age, and superinfection.

Resumen Introducción. El cáncer de mama constituye una importante causa de morbimortalidad y genera deficiencias funcionales en la ventilación, el desempeño muscular, el balance y la postura. Objetivo. Describir los efectos de la técnica de energía muscular (TEM) del cuadrado lumbar sobre la presión inspiratoria (PIM) y espiratoria máxima (PEM) en pacientes con cáncer de mama en estadios I y II. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuasiexperimental tipo pre-test/post-test realizado en 10 pacientes atendidas en una institución de salud de alta complejidad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Se realizó valoración fisioterapéutica y tres sesiones de fisioterapia con la TEM midiendo PIM y PEM antes y después de la intervención con medidor de fuerza respiratoria. Resultados. El promedio de la PIN al inicio de la intervención fue de 41% y al final de 69%, mientras que el de la PEM fue de 33% y 51%, respectivamente. La media de la proporción de cambio en la PIM fue de 68% y en la PEM de 57%. Se realizó la prueba estadística de signo-rango de Wilkoxon, logrando determinar una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (z=-2.807, p=0.005). Conclusión. La TEM mejora el desempeño del músculo cuadrado lumbar e incrementa la fuerza muscular respiratoria.

Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, leading to functional deficiencies in ventilation, muscle performance, balance and posture. Objective: To describe the effects of the muscle energy technique (MET) for quadratus lumborum on maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) in patients with stage I and II breast cancer. Materials and methods: Quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design conducted in 10 patients treated at a highly specialized healthcare center in Bogotá. Physical therapy assessment and three physiotherapy sessions with the MET to measure MIP and MEP were carried out before and after the intervention using a respiratory pressure meter. Results: The average MIP was 41% of the reference value at the beginning of the intervention, which increased to 69% at the end of the sessions. On the other hand, the initial average MEP was 33%, while the post-intervention average MEP was 51%. The average change rate for MIP was 68% and 57% for MEP. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed, achieving a statistically significant difference (z=-2.807, p=0.005). Conclusion: Applying the MET on the quadratus lumborum muscle improves its performance and increases respiratory muscle strength.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia poblacional de sintomáticos respiratorios y los factores relacionados en los residentes de dos territorios vulnerables de la ciudad Santiago de Cali en el año 2012. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal con componente analítico que simula la metodología tipo casos y controles. Utilizó un muestreo estratificado por conglomerados, con efecto de diseño de 2. Se realizó un análisis univariado, bivariado y múltiple a partir de regresión logística con análisis de muestras complejas para estimación de las asociaciones, se utilizó la razón odds ratio con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza y el valor de p de la prueba Chi2. Para evaluar el ajuste del modelo final, se aplicó la prueba de bondad de ajuste de Hosmer y Lemeshow. Resultados: La prevalencia de sintomáticos respiratorio global fue de 2,8% (IC95%: 2,2-3,6). Se evidenció como factor de riesgo ser hombre (OR 1,51, IC95%: 1,06-2,17), residir en una vivienda con ventilación no adecuada (OR 1,97, IC95%: 1,27-3,06) y hogares con inseguridad alimentaria con hambre moderada (OR 1,63, IC95%: 1,15-2,31). Como factores protectores se identificaron aseguramiento (OR 0,41, IC95%: 0,19-0,89), ser lactante (OR 0,60, IC95%: 0,37-0,98), preescolar (OR 0,46, IC95%: 0,23-0,93), adulto maduro (OR 0,34, IC95%: 0,17-0,68) y mayor (OR 0,45, IC95%: 0,27-0,77), respecto a los adolescentes. Conclusiones: La prevalencia poblacional de sintomáticos respiratorios es diferencial de acuerdo con las condiciones de vulnerabilidad de la población, lo que implica generar indicadores programáticos en coherencia con este resultado.

Objective: To estimate the population prevalence of symptomatic respiratory disease and related factors in residents of two vulnerable areas in the city of Santiago de Cali in 2012. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component that simulates the case-control methodology. A stratified sampling by conglomerates was used, with design effect 2. Univariate bivariate and multiple analyses were performed from logistic regression with analysis of complex samples. The odds ratio with their respective intervals of confidence and p-value of the Chi2 test were used to estimate the associations. To evaluate the fit of the final model, Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit testing was applied. Results: The overall population prevalence of symptomatic respiratory disease was 2.8% (CI 95% 2.2 to 3.6). Being a male (OR 1.51, CI 95%: 1.06 to 2.17), living in a house without proper ventilation (OR 1.97, CI 95%: 1.27 to 3.06) and food-insecure households with moderate hunger (OR 1.63, CI 95%: 1.15 to 2.31) were shown as a risk factors. Assurance (OR 0.41, CI 95%: 0.19 to 0.89), being a breastfed baby (OR 0.60, CI 95%: 0.37 to 0.98), being a preschooler (OR 0.46, CI 95%: 0.23 to 0.93), being a mature adult (OR 0.34, CI 95%: 0.17 to 0.68) and being elder (OR 0.45, CI 95%: 0.27 to 0.77) compared to adolescents were identified as protective factors. Conclusions: population prevalence of symptomatic respiratory disease is differential according to the vulnerability conditions of the population, which implies generating programmatical indicators consistent with this result.

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência na povoação os sintomáticos respiratórios e os fatores relacionados nos residentes de dois territórios vulneráveis da cidade Santiago de Cali em o ano 2012. Materiais e métodos: Estudo Descritivo de corte transversal com componente analítico que simula a metodologia tipo de casos e controles. Utilizou uma amostragem estratifico por conglomerados, com efeito de desenho de 2. Realizou se uma analise univariado, bivariado e múltiplo a partir de regressão logística com analise de amostras complexas para estimação das associações, utilizou se a razão odds ratio com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança e o valor de p da prova Chi2. Para avaliar o ajuste do modelo final, se aplicou o teste de bondade de ajuste de Hosmer e Lemeshow. Resultados: a prevalência de sintomas respiratórios global foi de 2,8% (IC95%: 2,2-3,6). Evidenciou se como fator de risco for home (OR 1,51, IC95%: 1,06-2,17), (OR 1,51, IC95%: 1,06-2,17), residir em uma morada com ventilação não adequada (OR 1,97, IC95%: 1,27-3,06) e lares com insegurança alimentaria com fome moderada residir em uma morada com ventilação não adequada (OR 1,97, IC95%: 1,27-3,06) e lares com insegurança alimentaria com fome moderada (OR 1,63, IC95%: 1,15-2,31). Como fatores protetores se identificaram a salvaguarda (OR 0,41, IC95%: 0,19-0,89), ser lactante (OR 0,60, IC95%: 0,37-0,98), pré-escolar (OR 0,46, IC95%: 0,23-0,93), adulto maduro (OR 0,34, IC95%: 0,17-0,68) e maior (OR 0,45, IC95%: 0,27-0,77), respeito aos adolescentes. Conclusões: A prevalência na povoação de sintomáticos respiratórios é diferencial de acordo com as condições de vulnerabilidade da povoação, o que implica gerar indicadores programáticos em coerência com este resultado.